不同营养液滴灌量对设施黄瓜生长、产量及品质的影响

Effects of Different Nutrient Liquid Drip Irrigation on Growth,Yield and Quality of Cucumber Plants

【目的】本文筛选适合温室土壤栽培黄瓜最优营养液滴灌管理方式。【方法】以黄瓜(Cucumis sativus L.)"博美626"为试材,采用单因素完全随机设计,以目标产量滴灌施肥为对照。设计3个(园试、山崎、山东)营养液配方,并采用不同的浓度梯度(苗期为1/2倍、开花期为2/3倍、结果期为标准浓度营养液)研究不同营养液配方对温室黄瓜植株生长发育、果实品质、产量及水肥利用率的影响。【结果】不同配方营养液处理均能促进黄瓜生长发育、改善果实品质、提高产量及水肥利用率。其中,园试配方处理较目标产量(对照)株高增高13. 99%;根系活力增加4. 95%～36. 19%;有效光合叶面积及叶绿素含量,Pn增幅为12. 55%～22. 09%。该处理利于果实中糖的积累,显著降低了硝酸盐含量11. 33%,提高产量11. 77%,降低施肥总量30. 65%,改善土壤微生物环境,提高细菌数量23. 43%,促进土壤中速效养分含量,提高速效磷31. 99%,增加过氧化氢酶和脲酶活性46. 33%与68. 06%,水分生产率为108. 24。【结论】园试配方营养液处理效果最佳,可促进黄瓜的营养生长,有利于提高果实产量和品质,建议推广使用。

【Objective】This paper aimed to select the optimal nutritious liquid for cucumber cultivation in greenhouse.【Method】Cucumber Boma 626’was used as tested materials,and random single factor was adopted in the test.Compared with the contrast group,the experiment three nutritious solution formula(including nutritious liquid for garden test,and Shanqi and Shandong liquid)was designed,the different concentration gradients(one second of nutritious liquid was used during seedling period,two thirds of nutritious liquid was used during flowering period and standard nutritious liquid was used during fruiting period)was used,and the effects of different nutritious solution liquid on the growth,fruit quality,output and water use efficiency of cucumber were studied.【Result】All the different formula nutritious solution could promote the growth of cucumber,improve fruit quality and increase the yield of cucumber.Of which the study group using garden test standard indicated the obvious changes compared with contrast group,its plants was 13.99%higher than that of contrast group;Root vigor increases 4.95%-36.19%;The effective photosynthetic leaf area and chlorophyll content increased and P n by 12.55%-22.09%compared with the target yield(CK).This treatment was beneficial to the accumulation of sugar in fruit,significantly reduces the nitrate content by 11.33%and increased the yield of 11.77%,reducing total fertilization 30.65%,improving soil microbial environment,increasing the number of bacteria 23.43%,increasing the catalase and urease activity of 46.33%,68.06%,promoting available nutrient content,increasing the available phosphorus by 31.99%,and water productivity was 108.24.【Conclusion】The nutritious solution for garden test shows the best effect,which not only can promote the growth of cucumber nutrition but also help to improve fruit yield and quality,the solution is recommended to be widely used.