岩溶塌陷灾害的岩溶地下水气压力监测技术及应用

Monitoring technique and its application of karst groundwater-air pressure in karst collapse

文章系统、全面地介绍了岩溶地下水气压力监测技术及其应用成果。该技术在监测成孔、孔口的密封及监测频率等方面创新性地提出了相关的工艺方法,能真实、及时且充分地反映出岩溶管道裂隙系统中的地下水气压力变化特点,可为岩溶塌陷的机理研究、监测和预警提供科学依据。岩溶地下水气压力监测技术工艺简单、操作方便、成本低廉,经过20多年的改进,已成功应用于全国11个典型岩溶塌陷区,服务于高铁、水源地、油气管线、市政建设等潜在岩溶塌陷风险性评价、安全降深、监测预警等方面,取得了很好的效果。

Monitoring and prediction for karst collapse has always been a worldwide problem.The main reason is that the monitoring technique for dynamic condition of karst collapse is still used by traditional method of groundwater level monitoring,of which the period is long and the groundwater table is connected with atmospheric pressure.A new monitoring technique for sudden karst collapse has been proposed by scientific research group of Institute of Karst Geology,CAGS,named karst groundwater-air pressure monitoring technique,which can both really reflect the change conditions of groundwater-air pressure within karst fracture and conduit system,and provide a basis for the research of collapse mechanism formation,monitoring and early warning.This technique has special requirements for drilling,sealing on the top of borehole,and monitoring frequency,which is simple in installation,convenient in operation and low in cost.After more than 20 years,the technique has been improved and successfully applied to 11 typical karst collapse areas in China,rendering a serve to potential karst collapse risks such as high speed railway,groundwater supply,gas pipeline and municipal constructions,which has achieved good results in the risk assessment of karst collapse,safe drawdown and collapse criterion.