非授权支付的责任承担——兼评《电子商务法》相关条款

Liability of Unauthorized Payment——Comment on Provisions of E-commerce Law

当前,司法实践中对非授权支付一般按照合同纠纷处理,采用过错责任归责原则,由用户承担举证责任。司法实践不利于保护消费者,也不利于促使支付机构提高技术,确保支付安全。本文通过梳理国内外文献,并进行实证案例分析,认为非授权支付责任应采用严格责任,将责任赋予能够分散损失和以最低成本采取预防措施的一方,并且以最低成本实现责任确定。在适用《电子商务法》非授权支付条款时,应当实现对消费者的统一保护,并由支付机构承担举证责任,将消费者过错类型化,确定支付机构免责和减轻责任的条件。

With regard to unauthorized payment,judges usually adopt fault liability following the contractual relationship and cardholders bear the burden of proof.This juridical practice is not conducive to consumer protection or to improve the technology of the payment institutions to ensure payment security.Through referring to the domestic and foreign research and making the empirical case analysis,it is concluded that unauthorized payment liability should be strict liability,and the liability should be allocated to the party who can disperse the loss and take preventive measures at the lowest cost,and the liability should be achieved at the lowest cost.In application of E-commerce Law,it is better to seek unity of consumer protection and make payment agencies bear the burden of proof.Payment agencies can be exempted from liability according to the consumers' types of fault.