作为“政治经济学批判”的“时代哲学”

The Philosophy of Era as the Critique of Politics Economy

究竟该如何走出"旧历史"的窠臼,创造出属于"人类解放"和致力于"每个人自由而全面发展"的新时代、新历史,一直是马克思哲学反思的核心主题。然而,"如何走出"的关节点,必然首先在于对身处的"现时代"的深刻把握和彻底批判。马克思正是抓住了"政治经济学批判"这一枢纽,挖掘"经济决定意义"的"时代根据",才可能穿透"资本神性""资本形而上学"的"文明面纱",把握资本主义产生、发展及其未来趋势的内在逻辑。在这个意义上,"政治经济学批判"所指向的对象,是马克思所立足的"资本主义现时代";而"剩余价值"的伟大发现的实质,则是揭示资本主义时代运行的内在秘密,论证"资本剥削"的历史必然性、暂存性和最终的非法性。"政治经济学批判"的终极落脚点,则是要"走出资本主义时代",走向"非资本化"的属于"人类历史"的"新时代"。在此,"政治经济学批判"本身是马克思"新唯物主义"的内在环节,直接与历史唯物主义融为一体。或者说,二者实质上是"同一件事"(即无产阶级解放和人类解放)。在"这件事情"中,"政治经济学批判"则起着言说时代、指认时代、走出旧时代并标示和建构"新时代"的价值导视与知识转换的枢纽作用。

It is the crux of the matter how to walk from the old history to the new age and create the new era,and the new history belongs to the human liberty.But,the key point of walking out is the profound thinking and thorough criticism to the era in itself.Marx has grasped the economy-determined basement in capital society through the centre of the “critique of politics economy” and disclosed the veil of civilization as capital god and capital metaphysics.The core of economic critique is the inner law (formation,growth,development and its tendency) of the capital society.The critique of politics economy is not only a method or methodology but a criticism to the capital in itself.How to walk to the non-capital era is subject to the new era and new history of the whole of human history.The critique of politics economy is the inner part of historical materialism,and is melted into historical materialism.That is to say that the emancipation of the proletariat and emancipation of all mankind are the same thing.The critique of politics economy stresses talking,identifying,signing,deconstructing the old era and constructing the new era.