知行合一:人类学视野下的教育思考

Knowledge and Action in One as Education Thinking from the Perspective of Anthropology

自社会人类学家马林诺夫斯基之后,人类学开始要求研究者到研究的地方去做深入的调查探索,是为田野研究。从摩尔根到本尼迪克特,再到中国近代以来的种种调查研究,可谓历来有之。某种意义上说,这是人类本性的回归。田野研究不仅仅是一种研究方法,更是一种尝试对人的本真生活还原的研究范式(paradigm)。通过自我对生活本真的体验,给人们传达出一个真善美的世界。它虽然没有明确说出形如教育界宣扬的知行合一,但无往而不在践行着知行合一理念。从某种意义上讲,教育应该适当向人类学的研究方法看齐。因为教育从本真的生活中来,也应该钻进本真的生活中去。可时下的教育似乎和这种生活风马牛不相及。教育正在脱离我们的生活世界。

After the social anthropologist Malinowski,anthropology began to require researchers to go to the place of study for in-depth investigation and exploration,i. e.,doing field study. From Morgan to Benedict and to the modern China there have been many kinds of survey studie. In some sense,this is a return to human nature. Field study is not only a research method but also a research paradigm trying to return to man the authentic life. Personal experience in the authenticity can convey a world of truth,goodness and beauty. Although it does not explicitly say out the "Knowledge and Action in One"as expressed in educational circle,it has been practicing its notion. In some sense,education should,in some degree,keep abreast with anthropological reaseach.