《木兰诗》的作时与文本经典化

The Song of Mulan:The Time of Creation and Textual Canonization

《木兰诗》的写作时间,有汉代、北朝、北魏、南朝、隋代、唐代六种说法。汉代说无史事依托,北朝说过于宽泛,南朝说与隋代说材料不足,唐代说证据不力。唯北魏说提供了《木兰诗》创作的背景,但此说又割裂了背景与诗歌的联系。确定了《木兰诗》中黑山、燕山所在地,就是《魏书》所载北魏与柔然战争发生地,从而可以肯定《木兰诗》作于北魏。通过文献比勘,可以发现,《木兰诗》在流传过程中不断被加工润色,至宋代郭茂倩《乐府诗集》而成定本。宋代之后虽有异文,却很难撼动《乐府诗集》本的定本和经典地位。

The time that The Song of Mulan was created is controversial,as there are six different versions: the Han Dynasty,the Northern Dynasties,the Northern Wei Dynasty,the Southern Dynasties,the Sui Dynasty and the Tang Dynasty.The Han Dynasty was excluded for lacking the support of historical events.The Northern Dynasties were too broad and general.The Southern Dynasties and the Sui Dynasty can be refuted due to insufficient data.The Tang Dynasty is not opted either without convincing evidence.Only the Northern Wei Dynasty matched the creation backgrounds of The Song of Mulan ,but the connection to the poetry is yet to be proved.By assuring the location of Heishan and Yanshan recorded in the Song is the place where the war between the Norther Wei and Rouran Khaganate broke out,we can assert that The Song of Mulan was created during the Northern Wei Dynasty.A further literature comparison and emendation shows that The Song of Mulan had been constantly modified and embellished since its circulation and become a classic in Yuefu Poems edited by Guo Mao-qian till Song Dynasty.Although there were modifications after the Song Dynasty,the canonized status of The Song of Mulan in Yuefu Poems could not be challenged.