伦理框架的建构:当前机器伦理研究面临的主要任务

The Construction of Ethical Framework:The Main Assignments of Machine Ethics

对当前机器伦理来说,一个迫在眉睫的任务就是首先需要建构一个既有利于规范人工道德主体的发展,又有助于人工道德主体创新发展的伦理框架。如果在人工道德主体和伦理道德之间缺乏一致性,由此而产生的人工道德主体就不会是真正的道德主体。为了确定这样一个人工道德主体的伦理框架,有必要从批判分析康德道德哲学入手。但是,在人工道德主体发展过程中,康德式的道德哲学分析路径最终却走向了它的反面。为此,需要超越康德式的道德哲学而去寻求其他的道德理论,以便应用于机器伦理框架的建构。

That the successful development of fully autonomous artificial moral agents(AMAs)is imminent is becoming the received view within artificial intelligence research and robotics.The discipline of machines ethics,whose mandate is to create such ethical robots,is consequently gaining momentum.Although it is often asked whether a given moral framework can be implemented into machines,it is never asked whether it should be.This paper articulates a pressing assignment for machine ethics:To identify an ethical framework that is both implementable into machines and whose tenets permit the creation of such AMAs in the first place.Without consistency between ethics and engineering,the resulting AMAs would not be genuine ethical robots,and hence the discipline of machine ethics would be a failure in this regard.Here this challenge is articulated through a critical analysis of the development of Kantian AMAs,as one of the leading contenders for being the ethic that can be implemented into machines.In the end,however,the development of Kantian artificial moral machines is found to be anti-Kantian.The upshot of all this is that machine ethicists need to look elsewhere for an ethic to implement into their machines.