美国21世纪对无能力老年人的公共监护体系

The American Public Guardianship System of Caring for the Aging Incapacitated in the 21st Century

老龄化社会逐渐增加的需求将会在公共、私人和非营利领域迫切需要更大的公司来使有限的社区资源发挥最大的效益。监护体系面对逐渐上升的替代决定需求,有些力不从心,法律和社会学著作也继续关注着监护体系的不完善。21世纪,越来越缺乏有资格成为永久代理人的人和有监护权的人,这可能会严重影响对无能力人的照顾。面对替代决定制定者的需求,应当把永久医疗护理授权扩大到包括非营利机构的范围,这样没有合适个人代理的有能力之人可能会一直通过永久权提供的自我决定的特权来避免监护责任。通过把永久权授予非营利企业监护人的例子,论证企业代理的提供医疗护理服务、保持原则、财政负责的能力,既可以增强个体自我决定的能力,也可以协助社会为无能力者提供合理的照顾。

The increasing demands of the aging society require large companies in the public,private and non-profit corporations to bring the limited resources of communities into full play to produce optimal results.The guardianship system cannot satisfy the demands of surrogate decision,and academic works of law and sociology are concerned with the imperfections of guardianship system.In 21st century,more and more people are not qualified to become permanent agents and guardians,so the caring for the incapacitated will be affected.Considering the demands of surrogate decision makers,it is necessary to enlarge the durable health-care powers to non-profit agents so that the competent persons who are without appropriate individual agents may still avoid guardianship through the privileges of self-determination afforded by durable powers.Advance delegation of durable powers to nonprofit corporate agents could improve the quality and availability of surrogate decision-making services.Nonprofit corporate guardianship can further society’s interests in providing appropriate care for those who can no longer care for themselves.