18世纪下半期英国模式在法国的困境

On the Dilemma of British Model in France in the Latter Half of 18th Century

18世纪下半期,对英国的赞赏和推崇风行法国。1789年,有关英国模式的讨论进入制度设计层面,由此形成法国历史上一个短暂的"英国时刻":它此前从未发生,此后亦不会再现。其失败具有复杂的前因,并产生了深远的后果。实际上早在大革命前夕,在多重因素的交织下,思想层面对英国模式的拒绝已经发生。1789年法国不同社会群体仿效英国的尝试及其最终结果则显示出,法国先后在社会层面和政治层面都拒绝模仿英国。系统考察英国模式的困境并且分析其历史影响,有助于进一步理解,何以对英国体制的推崇被拒斥后并没有从19世纪法国政治思想中彻底消失,却又从未取得真正的成功。

In the latter half of 18th century,the admiration and appreciation of Britain was prevalent in France.In 1789,the discussion of British Model became the part of French system design,and thus forming the transitory“British Hour”in French history.However,British Model did not occur,and will never occur in French history.Its failure had complex reasons,and also led to far-reaching consequences.Actually,before the French Revolution,the French ideology circle had already rejected British Model because of multiple factors.In 1789,different social groups attempted to model Britain,and consequently,both the political level and the cultural level refused to model Britain.The systemic investigation of the dilemma of British Model in France and its historical influences will be conductive to further understanding the evolution of British Model in French history.