基于Wmatrix的美国教育语篇中隐喻模式研究——以布什和奥巴马教育演讲为例

A Corpus-based Study on Metaphorical Patterns in American Educational Discourse——A Case Study on George W.Bush’s and Barack Obama’s Speeches on Education

为探究美国前总统布什和奥巴马教育理念异同,将二者在任期间公开发表的教育演讲构建语料库,运用语料分析工具Wmatrix对比分析各自教育隐喻模式。研究发现二者均使用旅途、奋斗、竞赛、投资、运动和游戏隐喻,战争隐喻只有布什使用,建筑隐喻只有奥巴马使用。此外上述隐喻模式的隐喻产率、规约度和新奇度不同。其差异原因归结为:以布什为代表的共和党遵循严父模式,在教育理念方面注重规则、纪律;而以奥巴马为代表的民主党遵循慈亲模式,注重教育对于国家、个人的建构性。

In order to explore the similarities and differences in educational concepts between former American Presidents George Bush and Barack Obama,the author collects the educational speeches delivered during their tenure to generate two corpora and makes an analysis of their respective metaphorical patterns in educational concepts with the help of Wmatrix-a tool for corpus analysis.The research finds that both adopt journey,struggle,contest,investment,sports and games metaphors,while war metaphor is used by Bush only,and building metaphor is used by Obama only.Their metaphorical patterns also vary in terms of metaphor productivity,conventionality and novelty.Such differences can be attributed to the differences in educational concepts embraced by the two parties:Strict Father Model by the Republicans attaching importance to rules and discipline,and Caring Father Model by the Democrats stressing the constructive role of education for the nation as well as for the individual.