杰克·凯鲁亚克“垮掉”思想的外向超越与内向超悟

Extroverted Transcendence and Introversion of Jack Kerouac's “Beat” Thought

"垮掉的一代"在世界文学史上的地位举足轻重,这场运动的主要意义在于它对人性所做的精神探索,东方佛教思想和西方基督教思想对"垮掉"思想影响颇大。凯鲁亚克有"垮掉之王"的称号,所写的两部小说《在路上》和《达摩流浪者》为"垮掉"精神的代表著作。这两部小说在精神内核有所不同,《在路上》通过对两位主人公不同命运的对比阐述了追求自由的同时依然要坚持责任的道理,其主旨是责任,是一个外向的超越;而后者讲述的是贾菲与雷蒙如何依循生命直觉去亲证世界的美丽和宁静的故事,是内向的反思。前者是西方式的责任,后者是东方式的宁静,东西方思想的矛盾性也体现在凯鲁亚克的思想经历上,这种矛盾决定了他的思想追寻永远"在路上"。

“The Beat Generation”occupies a pivotal position in the history of world literature.The great significance of this movement lies in the spiritual exploration of human nature.The eastern Buddhist ideology and western Christian ideology have great influence on“The Beat Generation”.Kerouac,“King of the Beat Generation”,wrote two novels On the Road and The Dharma Bums,which are the representatives of the“Beat”spirit.The two novels are different in the spiritual core in that the former expresses responsibility and extroverted transcendence by comparing the destiny differences of two protagonists while the latter tells the story of how Japhy and Raymond follow the intuition of life to witness the beauty and tranquility of the world,which is internal reflection.The former is about responsibility of the western style and the latter is about peace of the eastern style.The contradiction between the eastern and western thoughts is also embodied in Kerouac s ideological experience,which makes the pursuit of his thought“on the road”forever.