古风时代早期希腊与东方的文明交流图景

A View of Exchanges between the Civilizations of Greece and the Eastin the Early Archaic Period

古风时代和古典时代的希腊作家记载了希腊文明与古代东方文明的一些交流互动情况,但是古典时代后期的一些演说家和政治家则无视这种交流,宣扬希腊文明优越论。近代早期,古史研究领域兴起一股强调古希腊文化独特性的风潮,有意识地回避古代东方对希腊的影响。19世纪以来,学者开始关注希腊文明中的东方元素,但部分学者又走向过分强调东方因素的极端。有关腓尼基人与阿尔米纳遗址的研究体现了希腊与东方文明交流的互动性和复杂性。围绕古代史研究中"大传统与大鸿沟"以及沟通"大鸿沟"的相关思考,揭示了早期希腊史研究的理论和方法经历了从以文献为基础到以考古为基础,再到文献与考古相结合的转向。

Greek writers of the archaic period and classical antiquity recorded exchanges and interactions between Greek civilization and those of the ancient East,but the paeans to Greek civilization of some orators and politicians in late classical antiquity ignored these contacts.In early modern times there was a surge of interest in the uniqueness of ancient Greek culture that deliberately skirted the influence of the ancient Eastern civilizations on Greece.From the 19th century on,scholars started to concern themselves with the Oriental elements in Greek civilization,but some went to extremes in emphasizing the Oriental factor.Studies of the Phoenicians and the Al-Mina site reflect the complex interactions and exchanges between the civilizations of Greece and the Orient.Related thinking revolving around“the great tradition and the great gap”and connecting up“the great gap”in the field of ancient history shows that theories and methods in the study of early Greek history have changed from being founded on written sources to being founded on archaeology,and thence to a combination of the two.