波斯帝国政制中的希腊流亡者探析

An Analysis of Greek Exiles in the Political System of the Persian Empire

有关希腊流亡者在波斯帝国政制中的作用,学界一般认为流亡者担任的官职较低,被整体排除在波斯帝国核心官僚体系之外,因而政治作用有限。从希波关系史视野来看,两大文明的交流互动,使得流亡者即使无法担任高级官职,也可在政治实践中通过建言等多种方式参与到帝国的希腊事务及少数非希腊事务中,并因此得到波斯国王的重视和厚待。波斯官僚体系的松散性,为希腊流亡者参与波斯帝国政治提供了契机和空间。希腊事务是波斯帝国的核心事务之一,希腊流亡者在波斯政制中的历史地位应得到进一步关注。

Scholars have generally assumed that in the political system of the Persian Empire,Greek exiles held lower official positions and were as a whole excluded from the Empire’s substantive bureaucracy,limiting their political role.Nevertheless,in terms of the history of Graeco-Persian relations,the exchanges and interaction between the two civilizations made it possible for the exiles,even without high office,to participate in handling Greek affairs that concerned the Persians and even occasionally in non-Greek affairs.In political practice,they proffered suggestions and proposals,and were thus highly valued and well treated by the ruler.The loose nature of the Persian bureaucracy provided opportunities and space for Greek exiles to participate in politics.Greek affairs were a priority area for the Persian Empire,so the historical position of Greek exiles in the Persian political system deserves further attention.