近代欧洲艺术史典范的建构、传承与流变

Paradigm Construction,Transmission and Transformation in the Early Modern History of WesternArt

文艺复兴至19世纪早期是近代欧洲艺术史典范建构、传承和流变并确立"古典艺术史"传统的重要时期。意大利文艺复兴时期同时缔造了传记—艺术史和包含古代艺术史的古物学。这两种艺术史在欧洲广泛传播。18世纪晚期,普鲁士艺术史家温克尔曼依据启蒙哲学和美学对传记—艺术史和古物学做了创造性综合。随后,黑格尔在温克尔曼的基础上进一步将艺术史提升为精神—艺术史。至此,近代欧洲艺术史构成一个连贯的传统,即"古典艺术史"。古希腊和意大利文艺复兴艺术的典范地位确立并被普遍接受,古典主义美学也支配着艺术史写作。19世纪中期以后,随着现代学院艺术史学的兴起,艺术史的建构原则发生了改变。

The centuries from the Renaissance to the early 19th century were an important period for the construction,transmission and transformation of the paradigm of early modern Western art history and the establishment of a classical art history tradition.The art history of the Italian Renaissance combined a biographical form of art history and an antiquarianism that included the history of ancient art,both of which were widely diffused in Europe.In the late 18th century,the Prussian art historian Winckelmann creatively combined the two types of history on afoundation of Enlightenment philosophy and aesthetics.On this basis,Hegel developed the history of art into a history of the spirit.At this point,early modern Western art history constituted a coherent tradition of“classical art history.”The paradigm of ancient Greek and Italian Renaissance art was established and generally accepted,and it was classical aesthetics tha tcame to dominate the writing of art history.From the mid-19th century,with the rise of the historiography of art in modern universities,there was a change in the principles underlying the construction of art history.