从佛寺聚落到“城西首镇”:清代上海法华镇原生型城市化研究

From a Buddhist Temple Settlement to the Head Town in City West: A Study on Primary Urbanization of Fah-Hwa Town in Shanghai in Qing Dynasty

清乾嘉年间,上海县城西面"以寺而名"的法华镇通过整合地理区位、水陆交通枢要地位、棉布业产销中心、行政机构的强有力保障等多方位优势条件,成长为"凡县附郭者,宜以此为首"的"城西首镇",形成与县邑城市社会本质上相似、水平上接近的高级聚落形态。这种依靠市镇—乡村间互动共生的内动力向城市形态演进的路径与模式,可称为原生型城市化。这种城市化既呈现了明清江南地区鲜明的地域特色,又具有一般意义上的发生学内涵,是近代以前江南市镇城市化较为普遍的发育机理,展现了传统农耕文明自我调适和转型的内在机制。

The Fah-Hwa town in the western suburb of Shanghai grew into the head town in Qianjia period of Qing Dynasty by integrating resources,such as geographical location advantage,hub position of transportation,economic characteristics of cotton industry,a guarantee of administrative structure,and so on.It formed a development pattern which was essentially similar to the urban society and was close to the level of the urban society.This evolution process of drawing closer to the urban morphology which depended on the internal driving force produced from the town and the village was called“primary urbanization”.This kind of urbanization not only had distinct regional characteristics in the south regions of the Yangtze River,but also had universal significance and value.It was a relatively common development texture of urbanization in the south regions of the Yangtze River before modern history,which showing self-adjustment and transformation of the internal mechanism of traditional farming civilization.