光肩星天牛生物防治研究进展

Progress in Biological Control over Anoplophora glabripennis (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae)

光肩星天牛[Anoplophora glabripennis (Motschulsky)]原产于中国和朝鲜半岛。在原产地和侵入地均肆虐成灾,是一种重要的国际检疫性害虫。20世纪90年代光肩星天牛随木材和木质包装箱传入美国并建立种群,随后在加拿大和部分欧洲国家也有该虫危害的报道。光肩星天牛生活隐蔽,防治非常困难,因天敌昆虫可通过自主搜寻并寄生寄主实现对该虫的持续控制作用,生物防治对光肩星天牛防控效果更为良好。当前,我国广泛利用花绒寄甲(Dastarcus helophoroides Fairmaire)、管氏肿腿蜂(Sclerodermus guani Xiao et Wu)和白蜡吉丁肿腿蜂(Sclerodermus pupariae Yang et Yao)防治光肩星天牛,取得了良好的防治效果。此外,近年来相继在该虫原产地发现的奥金小蜂(Oxysychus sp.)和在入侵地发现的密足陡盾茧蜂(Ontsira mellipes Ashmead)皆被认为是可应用于该虫生物防治的潜在优势天敌。通过综述国内外光肩星天牛发生的情况及其生物防治进展的基础上,对今后的研究方向进行展望,提出了应基于气候变化下研究"寄主植物-光肩星天牛-天敌昆虫"三者互作关系的生物防治新思路。

The Asian long-horned beetle, Anoplophora glabripennis(Motschulsky), is native to China and Korean peninsula. It is an important quarantine pest worldwide, which is severe infestation in both native and invasive regions. It invaded United States with wood or wooden materials in 1990 s, and Canada and some European countries as well. The monitoring and control over ALB was rather difficult for its highly concealed life history, but its natural enemy insects could continuously control the insect by autonomously searching and feeding on the host. Therefore, biological control plays an important role in fighting against ALB. At present, the wide use of Dastarcus helophoroides Fairmaire, Sclerodermus guani Xiao et Wu and Sclerodermus pupariae Yang et Yao achieved great control effects in China. In addition, Oxysychus sp., a native parasitoid, and Ontsira mellipes Ashmead found in the invasive region, were both considered as potential biological control agents of ALB. In this paper, the occurrence and research progress in biological control over ALB were summarized, and the prospects of the research in the future were discussed. A new biological control approach was proposed based on the study of "host plant-ALB-natural enemy insects" interactions under climate changes.