哈贝马斯的程序正义思想及其对罗尔斯的超越

Habermas' Thought of Procedural Justice and Its Transcendence to Rawls

哈贝马斯的程序正义与罗尔斯的程序正义有着不同的建构逻辑,是在其商谈伦理学的框架下进行论证的。哈贝马斯描绘了"理想的言语情境",并以之置换了罗尔斯的"原初状态",为程序正义构筑了理想的背景条件;哈贝马斯认为,对正义而言更重要的不是逻辑上的"证明",而是实践中的"应用",这种程序正义是在"理性对话"而非"道德推理"的过程中展开的;哈贝马斯通过"普遍化"的方式,即将"我想要"转变为"我们意欲",从而实现某种"持续的同意"。这种通过商谈达成的"共识",是对罗尔斯"重叠共识"的超越,这是程序正义的结果。

Habermas’ procedural justice and Rawls’ have different constructive logic,and the former’s was demonstrated under the framework of his discourse ethics.Firstly,Habermas described the ideal discourse situation,replaced Rawls’ original position,and constructed the ideal condition for procedural justice.Secondly,Habermas believed that what’s more important to justice was not the logical justification,but the practical application,which was carried out in the process of rational discourse rather than moral reasoning.Finally,Habermas transformed "I want"into "we want"in a way of generalization to achieve the ever-renewed consent.This negotiated consensus surpassed Rawls’ overlapping consensus,which is the result of procedural justice.