土地所有权视域下“包产到户”的法理阐释

Nomological Interpretation of “Fixed Output to Households” in the Perspective of Land Ownership

为了更加准确理解"包产到户",从土地所有权视角揭示"包产到户"的法理内涵。"包产到户"将农民集体土地所有权分置为土地所有权与土地承包经营权,即"二权分置"。实行"二权分置",土地所有权性质未变,而且能完全复归。"三权分置"深化"二权分置"的法理因素,有利于克服"二权分置"的局限性,不仅赋予土地承包权与土地经营权的相对独立性,而且土地所有权仍能完全复归。全面实行"三权分置",不仅需要对土地承包权与土地经营权的流转、抵押、退出进行法律规范,而且需要土地承包权与土地经营权分置后分别采用物权债权化和债权物权化管理。只有把握客观规律,运用法治规范,才能稳健有效地实行"三权分置"。

Nomological interpretation of "Fixed Output to Households" in the perspective of land ownership serves a more accurate understanding of the notion. "Fixed Output to Households" divides ownership of rural collective land into "Dual Rights" as land ownership and right of contracting and operating, whereby the nature of land ownership remains unchanged and fully recoverable. "Tri Rights" intensifies the nomological essence and breaks the limitation on "Dual Rights", by offering relative independency to right of contracting and right of operating while keeping full recovery of land ownership. Legal regulations on the exchange, mortgage and withdrawal of contracting and operating rights as well as management on the switch between creditor right and real right are necessary in overall implementation of "Tri Rights". Secure and effective implementation of "Tri Rights" is possible only when following the external rules and applying legal regulations.