我国新行政立法程序的进步与保守:比较的视角

The Progress and Conservatism of China's New Administrative Legislation Procedure:A Comparative Perspective

对比我国新旧行政立法程序的不同,以及我国新行政立法程序和美国联邦制规程序的不同,发现我国新行政立法程序虽取得一定的进步,但仍然有待完善之处。国务院希望通过此次修订,使行政立法程序能够吸取更多民意,但是在这方面的改变略显保守,通过使用"可以"等非强制性术语以及含义较模糊的例外性条款,将是否向社会公开征求民意的决定权仍然保留给了行政立法机构。与此相比,美国《联邦行政程序法》对向社会公开的规定是强制性的,并且例外情形规定得很明确,行政机构几乎没有自由裁量的空间,这种不同可能与行政立法程序的制定主体有关。完善向社会公开征求意见的程序是今后优化我国行政立法程序的重点。

Compared with the differences between China’s old and new administrative legislative procedures,and with the differences between China’s new administrative legislative procedures in China and the federal regulatory procedures in the United States,we can find that the progress of China’s new administrative legislation procedure and that there is still room for improvement.The State Council,China’s cabinet,hopes the revision will enable the administrative legislative procedure to draw more public opinion,but change that through the use of non-mandatory terms such as“can”and ambiguous exceptions,the decision-making power on whether to solicit public opinion to the public remains reserved for the administrative legislation organization in this aspect is somewhat conservative.Compared with this,regulations on public disclosure in USA’s Federal Administrative Procedure Act is mandatory,and the exceptions are clearly specified,in which he executive organization has little room for discretion.This kind of difference may have something to do with the making subject of administrative legislative procedure.Improving the procedure of soliciting opinions to the public is the key point of optimizing China’s administrative legislative procedure in the future.