核燃料循环设施高效空气过滤器使用问题的探讨

Research on High Efficiency Particulate Air Filter of Nuclear Fuel Cycle Facilities

核空气净化系统用于保护工作人员和公众免受空气中含有的放射性粒子和放射性气体的危害。高效空气过滤器(HEPA)作为核空气净化系统的核心部件,是污染空间和环境之间的最后一道屏障,需要严格的测试以保证系统的有效性。本文梳理了民用核燃料循环设施(铀纯化/转化、铀浓缩、铀燃料元件制造、后处理)运行过程中放射性有害物质的特点,针对典型核空气净化系统研究了HEPA的特性与检测方法,分析了HEPA验收试验与监督试验中存在的问题,对审评和监督提出了相应建议。

Nuclear air cleaning system is used to provide satisfactory working conditions for personnel and to prevent the release of radioactive or toxic substances to the atmosphere. HEPA filter as the key component is the last barrier between pollution space and the environment,rigorous testing is needed to ensure the effectiveness of the system. Characteristics of radioactive substances in civilian nuclear facilities(purification and conversion facilities, uranium enrichment facilities, uranium fuel fabrication facilities, nuclear power plants,and reprocessing facilities) are combed in this article, typical nuclear air cleaning systems are described, and the characteristics and testing of filters are studied. Problems which existed in acceptance test and supervision test of nuclear fuel cycle facility’s HEPA filter are analyzed, some suggestions for review and supervision are put forward.