“一带一路”沿线国家资历框架的发展现状和管理模式研究

Research on Current Status and Management Model of Qualifications Frameworks of the Countries Along the Belt and Road Initiative

构建终身教育资历框架是我国教育发展和改革的国策。探讨和借鉴"一带一路"沿线国家资历框架的发展和政府管理模式,是我国实现国际教育一体化的重要途径。大部分"一带一路"沿线国家建立了国家资历框架,50%以上国家加入了区域跨国资历和学分的互认体系。资历框架建设是自上而下的政府工程,包括资历框架立法,政府管理和相关利益机构参与机制,非正规教育和非正式学习的成果认证,政府专职部门的资历认证等。这些发展和政府管理模式的启示:一是我们需要建立具有中国特征且和国际接轨的国家资历框架,为"一带一路"国家的资历、学分互认和转换做好准备;二是建立国家层面的资历框架法律,在立法中要遵循相应的上位法并兼顾下位法;三是资历框架的重心是非正规教育和非正式学习的成果认证,即离开正规教育以后,特别是成人的学习活动,如职业教育和培训、继续教育、资格证书以及各类业绩等。加强跨国资历框架研究发展我国资历框架,有利于推进我国与"一带一路"沿线国家教育和培训的合作以及资历框架对接。

Constructing a lifelong education qualifications framework is the national policy for the development and reform of education in China.Exploring and learning from the development of the national qualifications frameworks and the government management model of the countries along the Belt and Road Initiative are important ways for China to achieve international education integration.Most of the countries along the Belt and Road Initiative have established national qualifications frameworks,and more than half of the countries have joined the mutual recognition system of regional multinational qualifications and credits.The qualifications framework is a top-down government project,including the qualifications framework legislation,the mechanism of government management and the participation of relevant stakeholders,learning outcome accreditation of non-formal education and informal learning,and the qualification and credit accreditation managed by governmental departments.Implications of these developments and government management models are as follows:First,we need to establish a national qualifications framework with Chinese characteristics and connected with international standards in order to prepare for mutual recognition and conversion of qualifications and credits of countries along the Belt and Road Initiative.Second,it is requested to establish a national-level qualifications framework law,in which we should follow the corresponding superior law and take into account the lower laws.Third,the focus of the qualifications framework is learning outcome accreditation of non-formal education and informal learning,especially adult learning activities,such as vocational education and training,continuing education,certificates and various performances.Strengthening the transnational qualifications framework research is conducive to develop China’s national qualifications framework,which would promote the cooperation of education and training,as well as the interconnection and articulation of qualifications with the countries along the Belt and Road Initiative.