浅析联合国发展融资机制改革创新及对中国参与国际多边发展援助的影响

Reform and Innovation of UN Development Financing Mechanism and China's Role in Multilateral Development Aid

联合国可持续发展目标的提出,为包括联合国在内的全球发展系统提出了巨大的资金需求。然而在当前形势下,全球发展融资存在巨大的资金缺口;全球发展融资趋势发生变化,由双边官方援助一家独大向多边援助、南南合作以及私营企业、慈善资金参与并重的趋势发生转变。为应对国际发展融资新趋势、新挑战,联合国发展系统积极开展改革,调整战略、财务职能分配,加强资源协调整合。本文梳理了联合国发展改革的重要目标和措施,分析联合国系统及国际社会通过加强合作机制,建立国际融资机制,设计创新融资工具,推动新型债务减免和鼓励社会责任投资等创新尝试。随着联合国发展系统改革的深化,中国可对相关机遇与问题开展深入研究,顺势提升中国援助的国际影响力,兼顾受援方经济增长与社会、教育和民生发展,积极扩展新的援助合作渠道,利用多边平台在发展中国家减债中发挥积极作用,审慎应对改革过程中的问题,增强发展援助的风险防范能力。

The Sustainable Development Goals of the UN has created great demand for funds from the global development systems, including the United Nations Development System (UNDS). However, global development financing now suffers from a huge funding deficit. Meanwhile, the global development financing is shifting from being dominated by bilateral official development aid (ODA) to a new landscape in which multilateral aids, South-South cooperation, as well as private and philanthropic funding participation have played an equally important role. To respond to those new trends and challenges, the UNDS has actively sought to reform by adjusting the distribution of its strategic and financial functions and strengthening coordination between different institutions within the UNDS. This article summarizes several important goals and measures of the UNDS reform. It analyzes the innovative attempts by the UNDS and the international community, including strengthening cooperative mechanism, building international financing facilities, designing innovative financing instruments, promoting new forms of debt relief, and encouraging social impact investment. As the UNDS reform deepens, China can conduct in-depth research into relevant opportunities and problems to i) raise the international influence of China's aid; ii) balance economic growth with social, educational and civil development for aid recipients; iii) expand aid into new and cooperative channels; iv) leverage multilateral platform to play a positive role in debt reliefs for developing countries; v) provide prudential responses to emerging problems during the reform process, and enhance risk prevention capabilities for development aid.