历史学的“动物转向”与“后人类史学”

The Animal Turn of History and Posthuman Historiography

动物史是20世纪80年代出现的史学新领域,被认为是新文化史出现之后的又一重要研究领域,史学史学者将其看作历史学上的"动物转向",动物在这一学术领域中成为被关注的重点,动物对人类社会发展的重要作用被不断彰显。动物史认为人和动物共同创造了人类历史,也共享自然和社会空间。动物史的起源和发展既有学术发展的内在理路,即社会史和文化史的延伸,也有深受左翼社会思潮和运动影响的外缘因素,动物权利保护运动,以及随之兴起的左翼批判理论在动物史的兴起过程中扮演了至关重要的角色。历史学的"动物转向"对于去人类中心主义意义重大,开辟了"后人类史学"的新路径。

Animal History is a new field that appeared in the 1980s,which is regarded as a crucial trend after the rise of the new cultural history. Contemporary historiography has viewed it as the"animal turn"in the discipline of history. In this new field,animals become the focus,and the significant roles of animal in the history of humankind are manifested more explicitly. The animal history argues that animals and humans worked together for creating the so-called history of humankind in which animals and humans shared natural and social space for social and environmental bonds. The rise and development of the animal history can be attributed to both internal reasons and external factors. First,the animal history can be seen as the extension of social history and new cultural history. Second,the animal rights movement also contributed to the rise of the animal history. The animal turn in history plays a pivotal role in decentering anthropocentrism and paves the new way for posthuman historiography.