论明清时期的民间规约与社会秩序

On the Folk Regulations and Social Order in Ming and Qing Dynasties

明清时期,作为规范社会、经济、文化与教育等领域秩序,维护某一特定地域或组织人群权益的民间规约发展到鼎盛时期,举凡村规民约、宗族规约、会馆、公所暨行业类规约、寺庙宫观等宗教设施管理类规约,以及日常生活类规约,可谓是应有尽有,呈现出内容丰富、类型繁多、形式多样等特征。在"遵国法"即不违反国家法律的条件下,各类民间规约与国家法律一道,彼此渗透,互相配合,良性互动,共同发挥了维护明清时期社会秩序与社会稳定的功能,成为国家法律不可或缺的必要补充和自然延伸。

The folk regulations which aim at regulating the social,economic,cultural and education order,and safeguarding the rights and interests of people living in a particular region reached their peak in Ming and Qing Dynasties. There are various kinds of such regulations including village regulation and non-governmental agreement,clan convention,professional standard,temple convention,and also rules of everyday life. Without violating the national laws,the various folk regulations interacted with the latter in a benign way,played a role in maintaining the social order and stability in Ming and Qing Dynasties,and became an indispensable supplement and natural extension of national laws.