近红外单光子激光雷达人眼安全分析

Human eye safety analysis of near-infrared single photonlaser radar

近年来基于单光子雪崩二极管(SPAD)的激光雷达得到迅猛发展,已经从军事侦察、生物探测等特殊领域走向需求量巨大的无人驾驶系统等民用领域。由砷化镓、磷化铟等材料制备的SPAD探测器可以对1. 54μm以上的近红外长波响应,具有人眼安全性,但制造成本高且难以实现大规模集成,无法满足低成本和高集成度的民用要求。目前,硅基SPAD探测器通过结构和工艺优化实现了对0. 7～1. 1μm近红外短波光子的高效探测,大幅度降低激光发射功率,从而降低了激光对人眼的伤害。但为了安全工作,还必须对人眼安全问题进行分析。本文在分析SPAD激光雷达研究现状的基础上对近红外短波激光雷达的人眼安全进行了深入和全面的分析,根据美国国家激光标准精确计算出符合人眼安全的激光能量和照射时间,为硅基SPAD民用激光雷达的应用提供了设计依据。

In recent years,the laser radar based on single photon avalanche diode(SPAD)has been developed rapidly.It has been applied from military reconnaissance,biological detection and other special fields to the civilian fields such as unmanned systems which are in great demand.The SPAD detectors fabricated by gallium arsenide or indium phosphide,can respond to the near infrared with wave length longer than 1.54 pm,and be safe for human eyes.However,due to high manufacturing cost and small-scale integration,they cannot meet the requirements of low cost and high integration civil requirements.Presently,the silicon based SPAD detector can efficiently detect near infrared from 0.7 to 1.1pm through structure and technolog optimization,which greatly reduce the laser power and the laser damage to the human eye.But in order to work safely,it is necessary to analyze the safety of human eyes.In this paper,based on the analysis of the current research status of SPAD radar,the human eye safety of near infrared shortwave radar is deeply and comprehensively analyzed.According to ANSI,the laser power and irradiation time confor ming to the human eye safety are accurately calculated,which provides design basis for the application of silicon-based SPAD civil laser radar.