西山退谷与清初文人心态

On the Relationship between Xishan Tuigu Valley and the Early Qing Dynasty Literati Mentality

清初西山退谷文人活跃的时期,即孙承泽隐居此地的顺治十年至康熙十五年期间,也恰好是顺康之际文坛新旧交替之时。退谷虽为皋壤,却与皇家园林一墙之隔。退翁隐居此处,内心深处始终没有忘怀儒家的积极用世的情怀,是入世的隐士之代表。在与之交往的仕人中,吴伟业代表了在仕清与不仕清之间徘徊,内心与外在不一致的具有两面性的名士心态;在与之交往的处士中,朱彝尊代表了文人心态正在逐渐发生改变的时代特征。西山退谷浓缩了顺康之际,希望为清廷服务的心态逐渐占据上风的过程,预示了清初文坛新的时代的到来。

In the early Qing Dynasty,when Sun Chengze lived in Tuigu valley of Xishan,Beijing,where the literati were active,the period bet"ween the 10 years of Shunzhi and the 15 years of Kangxi happened to be the time when the literary world changed from the old to the new.Although Tuigu is a secluded place,it is near the royal garden.Reclusive here,Sun has never forgotten the positive feelings of Confucianism with the world in the deep heart of him,who was the representative of“the hermit who enters the world.”Among those in contact with him,Wu Weiye represents the two sides of the celebrity mentality.Among the judges,Zhu Yizun represents the changing characteristics of the times.Xishan Tuigu valley reflects the change of mentality to serve the Qing Dynasty,and the coming of a new era in the literary world in the early Qing Dynasty.