完善遗嘱见证人制度的几点思考

A Discussion on the Perfection of the Will Witness System

处理遗嘱纠纷主要是审查遗嘱的效力。遗嘱见证人于遗嘱的效力有极大影响,一些遗嘱可能仅仅因为见证人资格不当而致无效。我国《继承法》将遗嘱分为五类,其中有四类遗嘱涉及遗嘱见证人。我国遗嘱见证人制度极为粗疏,相关研究很多,但是仍然有遗漏的问题未予充分讨论,在《继承法》修订并入我国民法典之际,应一并考虑。遗嘱见证人资格需要明确规定:遗嘱见证人应当具备完全民事行为能力;应当具备证明能力;需与继承人、受遗赠人无较大利害关系。在其排除范围方面,近亲属和利害关系人范围应该适当减缩,但应增加离婚配偶与同居人的回避问题。在遗嘱见证程序上,应规定亲临现场并签名。

The validity of wills plays an important role in dealing with inheritance cases,and the qualification of witness of a will is the key factor in determining the validity of the will.According to Law of Succession of the People’s Republic of China, four of the five types of will are wills of witness.Despite the ample studies on will witness system,there are still issues being neglected.We suggest that the qualification of witness of a will should be more clearly defined as one with full capacity for civil conduct and for testification,and one whose interests are not relevant to those of the successors,Besides,avoidance of divorced spouse and Common-law partner shall be required.As for the procedure of will witness,attendance and signature of witness of a will shall be required.