氧化敏感有色金属材料的冷喷涂研究进展

Research Progress of Oxidizing Sensitive Non-ferrous Metals Produced by Cold Spray

有色金属材料通常氧亲和能力强,在高温时容易氧化。传统热喷涂技术所用的喷涂温度高,喷涂过程为开放环境,导致有色金属颗粒的氧化、烧损、相变、残余应力和晶粒长大等问题。如何在减少喷涂材料的热致缺陷和保持喷涂粉末原有特性的同时降低喷涂温度,这为冷喷涂技术的发展提供了契机。本文针对冷喷涂氧化敏感有色金属材料的国内外研究现状进行总结,涉及有色金属材料包括:镁、铝、铜、钛及钛合金、钨、钽、铌材料,分别从冷喷涂技术、喷涂材料、工艺、后处理四个方面总结了改善沉积层质量的措施,阐述冷喷涂增材制造存在的问题,展望冷喷涂技术在氧化敏感有色金属领域的发展趋势。

Non-ferrous metals are usually prone to absorb oxygen and oxidize at the room temperature.In the thermal spraying process,the spraying temperature is very high,and the spraying process is usually in the air,which results in oxidation,burning loss,phase transition,residual stress and rough grain defects.In the case of lowering the spraying temperature,how to reduce the thermal defects and maintain the intrinsic composition and microstructure of powder,cold spray technology is concerned.In this paper,the research progress of oxidation sensitive non-ferrous metal coating produced by cold spray are summarized,including Magnesium,Aluminum,Copper,Titanium,Tungsten,Tantalum and Niobium based materials.The measures to improve the quality of cold spray coatings were summarized from the aspects of technology,powder,craft and post processing,as well as providing a description about the problem and development trends of cold spray in non-ferrous metals.