明清方志文献书写的母教模式研究

The Mother-Taught Mode in Local Chronicles of Ming and Qing Dynasties

明清时期,在国家编纂一统志的要求下,地方志的编纂也逐渐规范化和制度化。列女传是方志的重要组成部分,这些列女传呈现了诸多母亲谆谆教子的言行举止,反映了编者期待的贤母之职在于教子成立、兴旺家族,也凸显了母亲的儒家正统形象。但方志书写这些生活于不同时代、不同地域、不同阶层的母亲教子言行却呈现了几种模式化现象,揭示了编者通过树立母亲教子言行的典范,以此向社会推广儒家正统的母职观念的意图。

During the Ming and Qing dynasties,under the popularization and infiltration of Confucianism,local Chronicles gradually standardized and institutionalized. Biographies of Exemplary Women made up an important part of the local chronicles. Such biographies presented many mothers earnestly teaching demeanors,reflecting the editors’ expectation of saintly mothers to guide sons,thrive family and maintain the Confucian orthodox. Despite such writings written in different periods and different regions,about different classes of mother-taught words and deeds,they demonstrate several patterned phenomena,revealing the editors purpose to set up models of mother-taught words and deeds,and to promote the orthodox Confucian concept of ideal mothering.