公司债权人对未履行出资义务股东的直接请求权研究

Research on the Direct Claims Rights of Company Creditors to Shareholders Who Do not Contribute

最高人民法院《关于适用〈中华人民共和国公司法〉若干问题的规定(三)》(以下简称《公司法司法解释三》)第十三条规定了未出资或未全面履行出资义务股东对公司债权人的补充赔偿责任。此规定突破了传统的股东有限责任理论,在资本认缴制的大环境下,债权人利益保护被弱化,该项规定的重要性更加凸显。但是现行立法对此规定尚不详尽,学界对该项请求权的性质的认定没有统一标准,导致司法实践中出现相互矛盾的判决。因此,对于此项权利的规定仍有一些问题有待厘清,只有对法条进行合理的解读,才能使问题得以解决,使保护债权人利益的初衷得以实现。

Provisions of the Supreme People’s Court on the Application of Several Issues of the Company Law of the People’s Republic of China( III) hereinafter referred to as Article 13 of the "Judicial Interpretation of the Company Law III"stipulates the supplementary liability of shareholders to corporate creditors who have not contributed or have not fully fulfilled their investment obligations. Although this provision breaks through the traditional theory of limited liability of shareholders,under the general environment of the capital contribution system,the importance of the provision is further highlighted by the weakening of the protection of creditors ’interests. However,the current legislation is not yet exhaustive. There is no uniform standard for the determination of the nature of the claim,which leads to conflicting judgments in judicial practice. Therefore,there are still some problems to be clarified about the provisions of this right. Only to reasonably interpret the laws,the problem can be solved and the original intention of protecting the interests of creditors can be realized.