养老机构老年人害怕跌倒现状及影响因素的研究

The status quo and influencing factors of the elderly in fear of falling in nursing homes

[目的]分析养老机构衰弱老年人害怕跌倒现状及其影响因素,为机构识别跌倒的高危人群及制定预防跌倒的干预措施提供依据。[方法]整群抽取10所养老机构里60岁以上老年人,采用老年人一般情况调查表、修订版跌倒效能量表、Berg平衡量表、蒙特利尔认知评估量表和计时起走实验进行调查。[结果]机构老年人害怕跌倒均分为(5.67±2.51)分。得分最低的项目为"使用交通工具";得分最高的项目为"更衣"。认知能力、平衡能力、移动能力对害怕跌倒有显著影响。[结论]养老机构老年人害怕跌倒的现状需要进一步改善,护理人员需要在改善老年人平衡能力和移动能力的基础上,加强对认知功能下降老年人害怕跌倒心理的早期识别,从而有效地预防跌倒的发生。

Objective:To analyze the status quo and influencing factors of the asthenic elderly in fear of falling in nursing homes,and to provide the evidence for the organization to identify a high risk population in falls and to develop interventions to prevent falls.Methods:The whole elderly aged 60 or older in 10 nursing homes were enrolled by cluster sample method.The survey was conducted using the general survey of the elderly,the Modified Falls Efficacy Scale(MFES),Berg Balance Scale(BBS),Montreal Cognitive Assessment(MoCA),and Timed Up and Go Test(TUGT).Results:Among the elderly in the nursing homes,the average score of fear of falling was(5.67±2.51).The item with the lowest score was“use vehicle”;the item with the highest score was“change cloth”.Cognitive,balance,and mobility had a significant impact on fear of falling.Conclusions:The status quo of the elderly in fear of falling in nursing homes need to be further improved.On the basis of improving the balance and mobility of the elderly,the nursing staff should strengthen the early recognition of the fear of falls in the elderly with cognitive decline,so as to effectively prevent falls.