川陕苏区时期妇女独立团的政治教育和军事训练

Politiccal Education and Military Training of Women Army in Sichuan-Shaanxi Soviet

在川陕苏区战时体制下,妇女独立团的政治教育主要目的是使女战士们增强政治意识,提高阶级觉悟,严肃组织纪律。独立团确定团政委全面负责政治工作制度,政治教育的教员主要有团政委、党总支书记、团支书、营教导员和连指导员等。妇女独立团军事训练的课目主要包括军事知识和军事技巧方面的严格训练以及体育锻炼,独立团有负责军事理论与军事训练的教员,他们多为富有战斗经验的红军干部、老战士或具有一定军事基础与知识的国民党俘虏。严格的军事训练给这些被周而复始的日常家庭生活所束缚的妇女们提供了认识丰富多彩社会、理解革命和妇女解放理论的机会,推动她们走出家庭参加革命。由于战争形势严峻,妇女独立团在川陕苏区时期整训时间十分分散,其战力弱于红四方面军主力军队。

In the special situation of Shichuan-Shaanxi Soviet,the political education mainly aimed at the improvement of the political ideaology,class consciousness and strict discipline.The regiment commissar was in charge of the polictical regulations and the political education for the women was implemented by the regiment commissar,secretaries of general Party branch,secretaries of Youth League,instructors in battalions and companies.Their miltitary training mainly includes military knowledge and skills and physical exercises.The instructors of military theory and training were experienced cadres,soldiers and prisoners of war from the Kuomintang.The strict training provided the women who were limited by the endless houseworks with the chance of learning about the colorful society and understanding the revolution and the theory of women’s liberation,which impelled them to revolution.The sereve situation resulted in the dispersal training and weaker force than the main force.