劳动何以可能——马克思对劳动问题的本体论反思

How Can Labour be Possible?——Marx's ontological reflection on labor issues

本体论是对"存在"何以可能的批判性反思,也是寻求对现实事物的超越性理解。近代以来哲学家对作为"现代社会范畴"的劳动进行了批评性的哲学反思。马克思在前人的成果基础之上,创造性地回答了"劳动何以可能"这一本体论问题。其运用历史性与辩证性的批判方法,突破了古典政治经济学对劳动的抽象、片面理解,同时又利用政治经济学研究实证性、科学性,克服了黑格尔哲学中对劳动本质的唯心主义阐释。从而在唯物主义视域内实现了对劳动问题的本体论反思,赋予了政治经济学批判以"人类解放"的意蕴。

Ontology is not only a critical reflection on the possibility of“being”,but also a transcendental understanding of reality.In modern times,philosophers have carried out critical philosophical reflections on labor as a category of“modern society”.On the basis of the achievements of his predecessors,Marx creatively answered the ontological issue of“how is labor possible”.His historical and dialectical criticism breaks through the abstract understanding of labor in classical political economy.At the same time,it uses political economy to study the empirical and scientific nature and overcomes the idealistic interpretation of the essence of labor in Hegel s philosophy.Thus,the ontological reflection on labor issues has been realized in the perspective of materialism,and the implication of“human liberation”has been endowed in the criticism of political economy.