马克思的历史地思与浪漫主义

Marx's Thinking Historically and Romanticism

浪漫主义的历史感,在一定意义上促成了马克思的历史地思的运思方式的自觉确立。马克思哲学运思的真正基础是"世纪"而不是"原理",这正是它的真实历史感所在。维科关于人只能认识自己的产物、观念顺序取决于事物顺序等思想,同马克思关于"剧中人"和"剧作者"的同一性、人的生存方式决定范畴的思想具有某种一致性。德国浪漫派关于历史规律本身的历史性、对超历史的永恒人性的批判等思想,也启示了马克思关于"历史性的规律"、人性在历史上不断改变等思想的建构。但马克思哲学并不像浪漫主义那样是作为启蒙主义的反题出现的,而是作为扬弃启蒙主义与浪漫主义之对立的合题出现的。马克思的历史地思,仅仅是在此意义上同浪漫主义之间存在着思想史联系。它不能被无视,但也不应被夸大。

In a certain way,the historical sense of Romanticism contributed to the conscious establishment of Marx's thinking historically.The real basis of Marx's philosophical operation is the“century”rather than“principle,”and this is where the real historical sense resides.Vico s ideas that people can only know their own products and that the order of ideas is determined by the order of things are consistent with Marx's thought about the identity of“dramatis personae”and“dramatist”and about how the idea is determined by the way of human existence.German Romanticism s thinking on the historic nature of the law of history and its criticism of the notion of an eternal human nature beyond history also inform the construction of Marx's concept of“historical law”and the change of human nature in history.Marx's philosophy is not the antithesis of the Enlightenment qua Romanticism;rather,it appears as the synthesis of the sublation of the opposites of the Enlightenment and Romanticism.It is only in this sense that there is an intellectual historical connection between Marx's thinking historically and Romanticism.This connection cannot be ignored or exaggerated.