法官个体本位抑或法院整体本位——我国法院建构与运行的基本模式选择

Judge-oriented Mode or Court-oriented Mode: Mode Selection in the Construction and Operation of Chinese Courts

法官个体本位与法院整体本位是法院建构与运行的两种基本模式。我国法院改革在某种程度上呈现出对法官个体本位模式的趋从,但宪法制度安排、法院在政治结构中的地位、司法的社会生态、对法官的激励与约束条件以及综合统筹运用审判资源的要求等,都决定了我国法院建构应当坚持法院整体本位。学术界从技术化层面论证的"法官独立"以及以此为核心的法官个体本位,都经不起实践逻辑的检验。法院改革的方向,不应是从法院整体本位转向法官个体本位,而应是从以院庭长为主导的法院整体本位转向以法官为主导的法院整体本位。当前法院的综合配套改革亦应在这一理念下进行,满足并完善法院整体本位所要求的基本要素。

There are two basic modes of establishment and operation of court system:the judge-oriented mode and the court-oriented mode.To a certain extent,there is a tendency of transition from the court-oriented mode to the judge-oriented mode in the process of the court reform in China.However,this kind of tendency is not compatible with the institutional arrangement of the Constitution,the status of court system in the political structure,the social ecology of the judicature,the existing incentive mechanisms,constraint conditions of judges and the demand to distribute judicial resources in a comprehensive way-all of which require China to adhere to the court-oriented mode of establishment and operation of court system.Academic researches advocating the so-called“independence of the judge”,which is encompassed by a judge-oriented mode of court system at the technical level,could not stand the test of logic and practice.The direction of court reform should be a transition not from the court-oriented mode to the judge-oriented mode,but from the court-oriented mode dominated by bureaucrats who bear the identity of judge to the court-oriented mode of court system dominated by judges who perform the actual function of trial.The current comprehensive coordinated reform of the court system should proceed in accordance with this idea and the basic requirements of the court-oriented mode should be satisfied.