财产侵权最优救济规则的法经济学反思

A Reflection on the Optimal Remedy Rules for Property Tort from the Perspective of Economics of Law

财产侵权最优救济规则是在科斯定理与谈判理论的基础上发展起来的一套司法裁判理论,它最早由美国学者卡拉布雷西与梅拉米德提出,是行为经济学与法经济学发展的产物。最优救济规则以市场交易成本的高低作为行为选择的前提,在实现恢复被害人应有权益的公正目标的同时,力图使纠纷各方的产权总效用(或联合利润)达到最大化。最优救济理论通过在裁判思维中引入效率的概念,使传统上的司法救济途径在评价上增添了可量化的理性标准,从而可以使法官的判决更具说服力。

The optimal remedy rules for property tort is a set of judicial adjudication theory developed on the basis of Coase Theorem and Negotiation Theory.It was first put forward by American scholars Calabresi and Melamed,and is the product of the development of behavioral economics and economics of law.Optimal remedy rules take the market transaction cost as the premise of behavior choice.While realizing the fair goal of restoring the victim s rights and interests,they try to maximize the total utility(or joint profit)of the property rights among the dispute parties.By introducing the concept of efficiency into the consideration of adjudication,the theory of optimal remedy rules adds quantifiable and rational standards to the evaluation of traditional judicial remedies,which could make judicial decisions more convincing.