近50年国外体育与社会流动研究述评

A review in sports and social mobility research abroad in recent 50 years

"体育与社会流动"是西方学术界的研究热点,运用文献资料研究对国外近50年来研究"体育与社会流动"内容的权威代表作进行综述分析,总结国外学者所关注的研究对象、主要议题和研究动向。研究发现,国外"体育与社会流动"的研究对象极为广泛,几乎涵盖所有具有运动经历的人群,包括运动精英、运动员学生、教练员和体育管理人员、弱势群体(包括黑人、少数民族、社会弱势青年和妇女)等;研究议题主要集中在探讨"体育能否有效促进参与者向上社会流动""社会出身和教育水平对体育参与者社会流动的影响比较""各种人群在体育社会流动过程中的平等问题争议""体育干预项目对社会弱势青年的作用"等方面,研究因为对象和关注点不同而产生结论上的差异,形成争论局面;其中,对社会弱势青年的体育干预是近年来外国学者的研究热点,具有普遍性价值。

“Sports and social mobility”is a research hot topic in the western academia.By applying literature data approach and inductive analysis method,the author reviewed and analyzed authoritative representative works on“sports and social mobility”abroad in recent 50 years,summarized the research objects,main tops and research trends which foreign scholars focused on,and revealed the following findings:the research objects of“sports and social mobility”abroad were extremely extensive,almost covering all the groups of people having sports experience,including elites,student athletes,coaches and sports management personnel,disadvantaged groups of people(including black people,minorities,social disadvantaged youth and women)etc.;the research topics focused mainly on exploring issues such as“whether sports can effectively promote the participants’upward social mobility”,“comparison of the effects of social origins and education levels on sports participants’social mobility”,“debates about the issue of equality of various groups of people in the process of social mobility”,“functions of sports intervention projects on social disadvantaged youth”etc,the research produced conclusion differences due to object and focus differences,forming a debating situation;in which,sports intervention on social disadvantaged youth is a research hot topic of foreign scholars in recent years,having a universal value.