体育学科核心素养研究的国际经验与启示

International experience in and inspirations from the study of physical education disciplinary core attainments

梳理与分析三大国际组织对于核心素养所秉持的观点与理念,对美国、英国、加拿大、澳大利亚等国家体育学科核心素养框架体系的构建过程和特征进行分析,并与中国关于体育学科核心素养的研究现状进行比较。研究认为三大国际组织基于"人的完整发展"提出各自对核心素养的理解和要求,制定和规划核心素养的结构与范围,并确定和解释相应的组成要素。美国围绕"21世纪核心素养框架",提出体育学科核心素养的培育重心,形成以"核心技能"训练为导向的体育学科核心素养培育主导策略;英国强调设置体育课程改革成果的推行模式,优化体育学科核心素养培育内容,不断改进与完善学生体育学科认知能力;加拿大力求为学生构建全面的体育学科核心素养体系,促进学生形成积极的生活态度与行为;澳大利亚提出体育课程改革要与体育教学创新同步进行,主张为学生体育学科核心素养的形成提供多样化的选择。中国在不断总结体育课程改革经验的基础上,注重对体育学科核心素养结构与培育程序的改进。

By collating and analyzing the views and conceptions held by 3 international organizations,the authors summarized the construction processes and characteristics of the physical education disciplinary core attainment framework systems of the US,Britain and Canada,compared them with the current situation of the study of physical education disciplinary core attainments in China,and drew the following conclusions:based on“complete development of human beings”,the 3 international organizations put forward respective understandings of and requirements for core attainments,established and planned the structure and scope of core attainments,and determined and explained corresponding constituent elements;by sticking to“the 21 century core attainment framework”,the US put forward the keys to the cultivation of physical education disciplinary core attainments,formed strategies for guiding the cultivation of physical education disciplinary core attainments,which are oriented by“core skills”;Britain emphasized setting up physical education curriculum reform achievement implementing modes,optimizing the contents of physical education disciplinary core attainment cultivation,and constantly improving and perfecting the students’physical education discipline cognition ability;Canada strived to build a comprehensive physical education disciplinary core attainment system for the students,and to promote the students to form positive life attitudes and behaviors;Australia put forward that physical education curriculum reform should be carried out simultaneously with physical education teaching innovation,and advocated to provide diversified choices for the formation of the students’physical education disciplinary core attainments.On the basis of constantly summarizing physical education curriculum reform experience,China valued improvements on the physical education disciplinary core attainment structure and cultivation procedure.