批评话语分析40年之话语形成——兼谈对学术话语体系建构的启示

Discursive Formation of Critical Discourse Analysis in Forty Years:Implications for Constructing Academic Discourse Systems

不同于关注批评话语分析起源、连续性和总体性的文献综述,本文借助福柯关于话语形成的论述,对批评话语分析40年发展的话语实践在对象、陈述方式、概念和策略四个层面的话语形成进行考察,发现批评话语分析并非仅是学者发表其学术观点的表达行为,也不是简单地在推理体系中运作的学术写作活动,而是一部话语史,其中充满了对抗、变化和偶然。批评话语分析学者的权威和影响及相关话语的互动与角力构成了批评话语分析话语形成的主要内容。如此分析批评话语分析的发展对于思考学术话语体系构建的议题具有启发意义,由此提出相关的几个思考问题。

Different from reviews of critical discourse analysis(CDA) in terms of its origin, continuity and totality, this paper, in light of Foucault’s account of discursive formation, reviews the discursive practice of CDA in terms of the discursive formation of objects, enunciative modalities, concepts and strategies. It is found that CDA is not merely the behavior of scholars who publish their works, nor is the activity of those who write papers on reasoning, but a history of discourse, which consists of contradiction,change and casualty. The power and influence of CDA scholars, the interaction and tension of relevant discourses constitute the main elements of the discursive formation of CDA. This type of analytical review sheds light on the often-discussed construction of academic discourse system, resulting in a proposal of some questions to reflect on.