陕西地区玉米生霉粒、小麦病斑粒与真菌毒素关系的探讨分析

STUDY ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MILDEW GRAINS,SCAB GRAINS AND MYCOTOXIN IN SHAANXI AREA

通过样品采集和制备,对5个样本的呕吐毒素、玉米赤霉烯酮、黄曲霉毒素B1含量进行检测和分析。实验结果表明,同一玉米样品同一生霉粒其含量与呕吐毒素、玉米赤霉烯酮、黄曲霉毒素B1含量呈正相关;同一地区玉米真菌毒素整体侵染程度基本相同,不同地区三种真菌毒素侵染程度不同,不同生霉粒包含的真菌毒素类型不同,真菌毒素具有地域性;陕西地区2017年黄曲霉毒素B1污染基本为零;同一小麦样品不同梯度病斑粒含量与呕吐毒素呈正相关,不同地区小麦呕吐毒素可能差别很大,赤霉病粒对小麦呕吐毒素的影响非常大。因此,不能简单由玉米、小麦的外观或者生霉粒、病斑粒含量判断真菌毒素含量的高低,但是根据同一样品中同一生霉粒、病斑粒其含量与真菌毒素呈正相关性,可以在收获季节,分地区采集样品,检测完好粒与生霉粒或者病斑粒真菌毒素的侵染情况,寻找合理控制点,通过收购质量指标指导对相关监测卫生指标的把控,辅助粮食质量安全的监测,尽力解决目前现场收购时的质量安全风险漏洞。

Through sample collection and preparation,the content of vomiting toxin,corn mycophenolate and aflatoxin B1 in 5 samples were detected and analyzed.The results showed that the content of the same fungus in the same corn sample was positively correlated with vomiting toxin,corn mycin and aflatoxin B1 content,the overall infection degree of corn mycotoxins in the same area was basically the same,the degree of infection of three kinds of fungal toxins in different regions was different,and the types of mycotoxins contained in different mildew grains were different.Fungal toxins have regional nature;aflatoxin B1 pollution in Shaanxi province was basically zero in 2017.The plaque content of different gradient disease in the same wheat sample was positively correlated with the vomiting toxin,and the vomiting toxin of wheat in different regions may be very different,and the effect of scab granule on wheat vomiting toxin is very large.Therefore,the content of fungal toxins cannot be judged simply by the appearance of corn and wheat or the content of mildew grains and plaque,but according to the positive correlation between the content of the same moldy granules and plaque in the same sample and the fungal toxins,samples can be collected in the harvest season and in the region to detect the infection of intact grains and moldy grains or fungal toxins to find reasonable control points,through the acquisition of quality indicators to guide the relevant monitoring of health indicators,to assist the monitoring of food quality and safety,and make every effort to solve the current onsite acquisition of quality and safety risk loopholes.