薄壳山核桃不同无性系花期特性观测与分析

Observation and Analysis on the Flowering Phenology Characteristics of Different Clones of Carya illinoensis

通过观测7个薄壳山核桃无性系(5号、29号、30号、35号、100号、103号、104号)的花期物候特性,掌握其雌雄花开放时期,为各无性系的授粉树选择提供科学依据。结果表明,(1)7个无性系中雄花主要在4月底至5月初进入散粉期,雄花散粉盛期较短,一般为2~3d,其中35号最早进入散粉期,散粉盛期持续3d;(2)雌花主要集中在4月下旬,盛花期一般为4~6d,其中104号开放最早,盛花期持续4d(3)雌花柱头颜色主要以绿色为主,只有5号、100号为淡紫色;(4)5号可作为29号、35号、100号的授粉树,35号可作为30号、100号、104号的授粉树。

In this paper,observation was made on the flowering phenology characteristics of 7 clones of Carya illinoensis(5,29,30,35,100,103 and 104)so as to determine flowering periods of the male and female flowers and provide scientific basis for selecting and matching pollination trees of the clones.The results showed that:1.the male flower pollen dispersal of the 7 clones mainly started from late April to early May and usually lasted for only 2~3 d,of which Clone 35 had the earliest pollen dispersal with a 3-day full pollen dispersal period;2.the female flowing period was mainly in late April and the full flowing period usually lasted for 4~6 d,of which Clone 104 had the earliest female flowering with a 4-day full flowering period;3.the female flower stigmas were mainly green and only female flower stigmas of Clones 5 and 35 were lavender;4.Clones 29,35 and 100 could be pollinated by Clones 5;Clones 30,100 and 104 could be pollinated by Clone 35.