矿业用地股份合作制的法律机理与实现路径

The legal mechanism and the implementation path of shareholding cooperative system in mining land

矿业用地股份合作社是我国土地股份合作社的一种特殊类型。与矿业用地征收以及临时用地等相比较,具有减少交易成本、促进负外部性内部化,以及有利于农民分享土地增值收益等优势。矿业用地股份合作制具有复合型的企业产权结构,是以产权联合为基础的成员联合,在企业内部治理结构中,须采用双重决策机制,从而兼顾企业的决策效率和维护企业的人合性特征。在企业盈余分配中,一方面要发挥资本在企业中的主导作用;另一方面也要兼顾现阶段农地所承担的社会保障功能的发挥。由于矿业用地的负外部性,国家在矿业企业设立过程中,应该对矿业用地行为进行公法规制,从而为矿业用地股份合作社提供长效发展机制。

Mining land shareholding cooperatives is a special type in our country.Compared with the methods of land expropriation and temporary land use,it can help reduce transaction costs,promote the internalization of negative externalities,and benefit farmers to share land value-added benefits.The jointshareholding cooperative system of mining land has a complex structure of enterprise property rights,based on the united property rights for members of the joint.The dual decision-making mechanism should be adopted in the enterprise internal governance structure in order to improve the decision efficiency of enterprises and maintain the enterprise of human together.In the enterprise surplus distribution,on the one hand,we should give full play to the leading role of capital in the enterprise;on the other hand,we should also take into account the social security function of the rural land at this stage.Because of the negative externality of mining land,the government should regulate the behavior of mining land in the process of the establishment of mining enterprises,so as to provide long-term development mechanism for mining land share cooperatives.