密云水库鲢鱼、鳙鱼营养成分分析与评价

Nutritional Compositions in Muscles of Silver Carp Hypophthalmichthys molitrix and Bighead Carp Aristichthys nobilis in Miyun Reservoir

为全面了解密云水库鲢鱼、鳙鱼的营养特征,以密云水库秋季鲢鱼和鳙鱼为研究对象,对其肌肉的水分、蛋白质、粗脂肪、灰分、矿物质元素含量以及氨基酸、脂肪酸组成进行分析。研究结果表明,密云水库鲢鱼和鳙鱼肌肉蛋白质含量分别为(18.40±0.40)%和(18.60±0.57)%,粗脂肪含量为(0.60±0.10)%和(1.48±0.91)%,富含人体所需的钾、钠、钙、镁、磷等常量元素及铁、锰、锌、硒等微量元素;鲢鱼、鳙鱼肌肉中,18种常见氨基酸均被检出,其中谷氨酸含量高,必需氨基酸分别占氨基酸总量的40.00%和40.16%,必需氨基酸指数分别为99.15和98.76;鲢鱼、鳙鱼肌肉中分别检出脂肪酸12种和19种,相对含量均表现为多不饱和脂肪酸>饱和脂肪酸>单不饱和脂肪酸,而多不饱和脂肪酸中均以二十二碳六烯酸相对含量最高,其次为二十碳五烯酸,两者之和分别达30.64%和23.79%。研究结果表明,密云水库鲢鱼、鳙鱼是良好的蛋白质来源,氨基酸组成合理,富含矿物质和有益脂肪酸,具有很好的营养价值和可食用性。

Nutritional compositions were analyzed in muscles of 2—4years old silver carp Hypophthalmichthys molitrixand 2—5years old bighead carp Aristichthys nobilis in Miyun reservoir,Beijing,including moisture,crude protein,crude fat,ash,mineral elements,amino acids and fatty acids.The results showed that the silver carp had crude protein of(18.40±0.40)% and crude fat of(0.60±0.10)%,and the bighead carp had crude protein of(18.60±0.57)% and crude fat of(1.48±0.91)%,rich in mineral elements including K,Na,Ca,Mg,P,Fe,Mn,Zn,and Se in the two fish species.There were 18 kinds of amino acids in the muscles of two species fish,with the maximal glutamic acid,40.00% of essential amino acids in total amino acids in silver carp and 40.16% of essential amino acids in total amino acids in bighead carp,and the essential amino acid index(EAAI)of 99.15 in silver carp and 98.76 in bighead carp.12 kinds of fatty acids were found in silver carp and 19 kinds of fatty acids in bighead carp,showing the same trend:higher polyunsaturated fatty acids(PUFA)content than monounsaturated fatty acid(MUFA)and saturated fatty acid(SFA),with the maximal docosahexaenoic acid(DHA),followed by eicosapentaenoic acid(EPA)in unsaturated fatty acids,the sum of DHA and EPA accounting for 30.64%in silver carp and 23.79%in bighead carp.The findings indicated that silver carp and bighead carp in Miyun reservoir were nutrient-rich and edible fish with high protein,minerals,and beneficial fatty acids.