面向可持续灌溉农业发展的涝渍盐碱管理

Waterlogging and saline-alkaline management for development of sustainably irrigated agriculture

发展可持续灌溉农业是实现全球粮食安全、维持民众生计的必要保障条件之一,但因灌溉诱发的农田涝渍盐碱协同危害却对作物生长及产量产生直接和间接影响,严重制约灌溉农业生产力水平,带来农田生态环境负效应.文中在对灌溉诱发的涝渍盐碱共存形成机制、作物生长和土壤特性对涝渍盐碱的响应、涝渍盐碱对作物产量的影响进行综述基础上,从排水、用水、灌溉、土壤、作物、社会经济等各种涝渍盐碱管理途径入手,阐述相关的治理措施与技术应用效果,围绕"节灌、减排、控盐、增效"的面向可持续灌溉农业发展的涝渍盐碱管理目标,从涝渍盐碱共存机制研究、涝渍盐碱共存状况监测评价、涝渍盐碱治理技术组合及集成模式研发、涝渍盐碱危害风险分析与评估等层面上,提出相应的主要研究内容与重点.

Developing sustainable irrigation agriculture is one of the necessary supporting conditions for global food security and maintenance of people’s livelihood. However,farmland waterlogging saline-alkaline caused by irrigation exert some effects crop growth process and yield in direct or indirect ways,which severely restricts agricultural productivity and induces negative environment effects on farmland.Based on a thorough review of formation mechanism of waterlogging saline-alkaline caused by irrigation,response of crop growing and soil characteristics to waterlogging saline-alkaline,as well as influence of waterlogging saline-alkaline on crop yield,related management measures and technology applications for treating waterlogging saline-alkaline were discussed in view of drainage,water-use,irrigation,soil,crop,and socio-economic etc. Besides,related research topics and important contents,namely different levels of coexistence mechanism of waterlogging saline-alkaline,monitoring and evaluation of waterlogging saline-alkaline coexistence situation,combination and integration mode development of waterlogging saline-alkaline treatment technologies,and risk analysis and evaluation of waterlogging saline-alkaline damage,were proposed to meet the goal of waterlogging saline-alkaline management such as " saving irrigation,reducing emission,controlling salinity and increasing efficiency" based on sustainable irrigation agriculture.