叶面喷施亚硒酸钠对黑粒小麦籽粒硒含量、产量及品质的影响

Effect of Foliar Sodium Selenite on Selenium Content,Yield and Quality in Grains of Black Kernel Wheat

为了明确亚硒酸钠对黑粒小麦籽粒硒含量、产量及品质的影响,以黑粒小麦品种山农紫麦1号为材料,在大田进行叶面喷施亚硒酸钠,亚硒酸钠设4个浓度:0(CK)、15(C_1)、30(C_2)和45(C_3)g·hm^(-2),分别于小麦拔节和开花期各喷施一次,分析了不同浓度亚硒酸钠黑粒小麦花后叶面积指数、干物质积累与分配、产量、籽粒硒含量及品质性状。结果表明,开花后各时期的叶面积指数(LAI),C_1、C_2处理均显著高于CK,C_3处理在开花后14～21d显著高于CK;成熟期植株干物质重及籽粒、茎秆+叶鞘、穗轴+颖壳的干物质重,C_1、C_2处理均显著高于CK,但叶片干物质重及占比显著低于CK;花后干物质积累量,C_2、C_3处理显著高于CK,C_1处理与CK无显著差异。三种喷亚硒酸钠处理(C_1、C_2和C_3)的成穗数均显著高于CK,而穗粒数和千粒重差异不显著,产量较CK分别增加7.89%、9.96%和9.19%。叶面喷施亚硒酸钠显著提高黑粒小麦籽粒的硒含量,CK、C_1、C_2和C_3处理籽粒硒含量分别为0.056、0.238、1.295和1.207mg·kg-1。籽粒粗蛋白含量,C_1、C_2处理较CK分别提高9.49%和4.29%,差异显著;C_1、C_2、C_3处理面筋指数分别较CK提高4.67%、13.06%和3.77%;C_1处理面团形成时间及稳定时间均显著高于CK,C_2、C_3处理与CK差异不显著;各喷施亚硒酸钠处理间的湿面筋含量、沉淀指数和吸水量差异不显著。本研究条件下,黑粒小麦拔节期和开花期各喷施30mg·kg-1亚硒酸钠,可以明显提高籽粒产量、硒含量与品质。

In order to detect the exact effects of foliar sodium selenite(Na2SeO3)application on selenium(Se)content,yield and quality of black wheat grains,a field experiment was conducted upon Shannong Zimai 1by spraying four types of Na2SeO3 once at both jointing and anthesis stages with different concentrations:0g·hm-2(CK),15g·hm-2(C1),30g·hm-2(C2)and 45g·hm-2(C3),respectively.The exact effects of foliar sodium selenite application with different concentrations on leaf area index(LAI)after anthesis,dry matter accumulation and distribution,yield,grain selenium content and quality of black kernel wheat were analysed.The results showed that LAI was significantly higher under C1 and C2than that under CK at each stage after anthesis,and LAI under C3 was significantly higher than that under CK from the 14 th to 21 st day after anthesis.The dry matter accumula-tion in the whole plant,as well as the biomass of the wheat grain,stem and sheath,spike axis and glume at maturity were significantly higher under C1 and C2treatments than those under CK,but leaf biomass and its distribution proportion were significantly lower under C1 and C2than those under CK.The dry matter accumulation under C2 and C3treatments were significantly higher than that under CK after anthesis,while there was no significant difference between C1 and CK treatments.The spike number under C1,C2 and C3were significantly higher than that under CK,resulting in a significant increase in yield by 7.89%,9.96%and 9.19%respectively,compared with that under CK,but there was no significant difference in the grain number per spike and 1 000-grain weight of wheat.Foliar sodium selenite application can significantly increase selenium content of grain,which were 0.056mg·kg-1,0.238mg·kg-1,1.295mg·kg-1,and 1.207mg·kg-1 under CK,C1,C2 and C3treatments,respectively.The gross protein content of grain under C1 and C2was significantly increased by9.49%and 4.29%,respectively,compared with that of CK.The gluten index under C1,C2 and C3treatments was increased by 4.67%,13.06% and 3.77%,respectively,compared with that of CK.Dough development time and stability time under C1 was significantly higher than those under CK,but there was no significant difference between C2,C3 and CK.Foliar spraying of Na2SeO3 had no significant effect on wet gluten content,sedimentation value and water absorption of grain.Under the research conditions,the selenium content,gross yield and quality of black kernel wheat grain can be significantly improved with foliar spraying Na2SeO3 of 30g·hm-2 at jointing and anthesis stages.