基于有限元法速生杨层积材增强家具直榫优化

Poplar LVL Strengthen and Furniture Joint Size Optimization Based on Finite Element Analysis

以T形无榫肩直通榫中榫头与榫眼的受力为依据,设计竹材增强速生杨木层积材的结构,并在满足结构强度要求的前提下,优化材料制作T形无榫肩直通榫并应用在椅凳家具后腿与望板结合部位的尺寸。采用受力分析法设计材料结构,采用有限元数值分析与试验验证结合的方法,优化材料应用的榫卯结构尺寸。结果表明,竹材增强的速生杨单板层积材用作椅子后腿与望板结合部位时,其材料强度能够满足GB10357-2013《家具力学性能试验第3部分:椅凳类强度和耐久性》的要求;试验验证的榫头破坏形式与仿真模拟基本相同,有限元优化后的径向与弦向的结构强度与试验验证结果误差分别为3.10%和3.76%;优化后T形无榫肩直通榫的尺寸为榫头榫眼宽度10mm,高度20mm,竖材截面宽度为径向25mm,弦向35mm,相同结构达到相同强度时,较未进行强化设计的速生杨木层积材能够减少径向截面宽度10mm材料用量,即在径向能够得到有效增强并节省毛料体积28.6%。研究结果可为有限元数值模拟研究复合材料的建模方法提供一定参考,为实现速生树种木材高效高质利用提供了借鉴技术。

This research designed a pair of laminated veneer lumber (LVL) assembled by fast-growing poplar wood and bamboo veneer based on the force analysis of the furniture T-shaped joint.The size of the T-shaped joint was optimized,and the results of the optimization were then applied to the part of the chair to meet the structural strength requirement.Force analysis method was adopted to design the material,the size of joint was optimized by finite element analysis (FEA),which was verified by the experiment.The fast-growing poplar LVL strengthened by bamboo veneer could meet the chair hind leg structure requirement in China national standard (GB10357-2013 Test of mechanical properties of furniture strength and durability of chairs and stools ).The experiment failure mode was similar to the numerical modeling.The error results of experiment and FEA in two directions were 3.10% and 3.76%,respectively.The optimized sizes of T-shaped joint were as follows:10 mm in width,20 mm in height,25 (vertical to veneer)×35 (parallel to veneer) mm for the sectional dimension of mortise part.This LVL could cut 10 mm in the vertical to veneer direction,so it could save 28.6% of poplar material to the same mechanical properties.This LVL could be applied to the furniture frame structure,and FEA method could be an excellent approach to do the research of furniture material and structure.The method introduced in this paper could make the model of composite laminated material and to offer an approach and theory to promote the utilization of fast-growing wood.