低山丘陵区景观类型与地形因子耦合关系研究——以伏牛山余脉区为例

Coupling Relationship between Landscape Types and Terrain Factors in Low Mountain Areas——A Case Study of Funiu Mountain

选择伏牛山局部低山丘陵区为对象,运用ArcGIS的空间分析功能和数理统计分析方法探讨8种类型景观在高程、坡度、坡向带上的分布特征、分布指数与显著性。结果表明,高程因子与林地景观呈显著正相关,与工矿用地景观、自然保留地景观呈显著负相关;坡度因子与基本农田景观呈极显著负相关,与耕地景观、自然保留用地景观呈显著负相关;坡向因子与牧草地景观、林地景观呈显著负相关,与自然保留地景观呈显著正相关。建议根据地形因子进行景观布局,低海拔与平缓坡区宜发展生产、生活型景观,中高海拔与陡、急、陡峭坡区域宜丰富生态型景观。协调(半)阴坡、(半)阳坡的景观类型,宜增加阳坡区生态型景观。本研究为区域景观合理化建设提供了定量化依据,也为低山丘陵区景观建设提供参考。

The part of low mountain area in the Funiu Mountain was selected as the research object.The spatial analysis function and mathematical statistics of ArcGIS were used to analyze the distribution characteristics,distribution index and significance of eight types of landscape in the elevation,slope,and aspect.The results indicated that the elevation factor was significantly and positively correlated with the forest landscape,negatively correlated with the landscape of industrial land and natural reservation,and the slope factor was significantly and negatively correlated with the farmland landscape,and significantly and negatively correlated with the cultivated land landscape and the natural reserved land landscape.There was a significantly negative correlation between aspect factors and grassland landscapes,and significantly positive correlations with landscapes of natural reserve lands.It was suggested that the layout of landscape should be based on topographic factors.The development of low-altitude and gentle slopes should be based on the productive and living landscapes,and the ecological landscape should be rich in mid-high elevations and steep slope,abrupt slope and cliffy slopes.To coordinate the landscape types from (semi)sunny slopes to (semi)shady slope and increase the ecological landscape in sunny slope is a reasonable way.The research provided a quantitative basis for the rational construction of the regional landscape and also a reference for the landscape construction in the low mountain areas.