频复发性肾病综合征患儿主要照顾者焦虑情况调查及相关影响因素分析

Anxiety status and influencing factors of primary caregivers of children with frequently recurrent nephrotic syndrome

目的调查频复发性肾病综合症(FRNS)患儿主要照顾者的焦虑状况,初步分析导致主要照顾者焦虑的相关因素。方法选取2016年6月—2018年6月在济南市儿童医院住院治疗的120例FRNS患儿主要照顾者作为研究对象,采用焦虑自评量表(SAS)对FRNS患儿主要照顾者进行调查,分析影响主要照顾者焦虑情绪的相关因素。结果 120例FRNS患儿主要照顾者的焦虑自评分为(32.79±11.46)分,高于国内常模(P <0.01); 60.83%(73/120)的照顾者存在焦虑症状。单因素分析结果显示,患儿因素方面,FRNS患儿为男性、年龄2～5岁,首次复发<1个月、激素使用持续时间1～3个月,其照顾者SAS评分高于其他组别(P <0.05);照顾者因素方面,主要照顾者为患儿母亲、年龄20～39岁、家庭收入差(<4 000元人民币/月)、患儿为独生子女、家庭类型为单亲家庭、医疗总费用高(> 50 000元人民币),其SAS评分高于其他组别(P <0.05)。结论 FRNS患儿主要照顾者存在比较严重的焦虑情绪,影响主要照顾者焦虑情绪的因素包括患儿因素、照顾者自身因素、对疾病的认知情况以及家庭状况等,应重视照顾者的心理状况并给予多种支持。

Objective To investigate the anxiety status of primary caregivers of children with frequently recurrent nephrotic syndrome(FRNS),and to analyze potential influencing factors of anxiety status of primary caregivers.Methods A descriptive and correlational study was conducted to 120 primary caregivers of children with FRNS.The self-made questionnaire and Self-rating Anxiety Scale(SAS) was used to investigate the general information and anxiety status of primary caregivers,respectively.Results The anxiety score of 120 primary caregivers of children with FRNS was(32.79 ± 11.46) points,which was higher than that of the domestic conventional model and the difference was statistically significant(P < 0.01).There were 73(60.83%) primary caregivers with anxiety by SAS.In terms of children,the SAS scores in primary caregivers of those male children,children aged between 2-5 years,children with first recurrence less than one month,children with duration of hormone use betw een 1-3 months were higher than other groups(P < 0.05).In terms of primary caregivers,the SAS score in primary caregivers who were mothers of children,age betw een 20-39 years,w ith low family income(< 4 000 RMB monthly),who had single child,with high total medical cost(> 50 000 RMB) were higher than other groups(P < 0.05).Conclusion Primary caregivers in this study had relatively severe anxiety.There w ere many potential factors affecting the anxiety status of caregivers,including factors form children,caregiver’s own factors,awareness of the disease and family status and so on.More attention should be paid on psychological status of the caregivers,and comprehensive support and service should be carried out.