山东近海渔业资源现状初步研究

A Preliminary Study on Current Situation of Fishery Resources in Shandong Offshore

根据2015年8月份和2016年8月份在山东近海海域进行的渔业资源底拖网调查资料,初步分析了该海域渔业资源群落结构特征.结果表明,2年均捕获渔业资源种类79种. 2015年8月份优势种类主要为鳀(Engraulis japonicus)、口虾蛄(Oratosquilla oratoria)、日本枪乌贼(Loligo japonica),其中鳀渔获量最高,占20. 70%,口虾蛄次之,占15. 90%.2016年8月份优势种主要为鯷、日本枪乌贼、戴氏赤虾(Metapenaeopsis dalei)、口虾蛄,其中鳀渔获量最高,占21. 55%;戴氏赤虾次之,占18. 07%.根据2年的调查数据,分别计算了山东半岛南部、莱州湾及渤海湾南部和烟威渔场的渔业生物群落的种类丰度指数R、多样性指数H'、均匀度指数J',2年的资源多样性变化不大.本研究的结果为山东近海渔业资源保护和管理提供了参考依据.

The community structure characteristics of fishery resources in Shandong offshore was preliminarily analyzed based on the bottom trawl surveys in August 2015 and August 2016. Our results show that 79 species were captured in both surveys, but the dominant species were different. In 2015, the dominant species consisted of Engraulis japonicas, Oratosquilla oratoria and Loligo japonica. The fish catch of Engraulis japonicas was the highest, accounting for 20.70% of the total catch. The Oratosquilla oratoria took the second, accounting for 15.90% of the total catch. In 2016, however, the dominant species consisted of Engraulis japonicas, Loligo japonica, Metapenaeopsis dalei and Oratosquilla oratoria. The fish catch of Engraulis japonicas was the highest, accounting for 21.55% the total of catch. Following by the Metapenaeopsis dalei, with the catch accounted for 18.07 % the total of catch. Additionally, our results further reveal that the diversity of fishery resources changed little in Southern Shandong, Laizhou Bay and the southern part of Bohai Bay, and Yanwei Fishing Ground, based on the calculated parameters of species richness ( R ), Shannon-Weiner diversity index ( H′) and evenness index ( J′). In conclusion, our study provids a useful reference for future protection and management of fishery resources in Shandong offshore.