历史性:从黑格尔到马克思

Historicity:from Hegel to Marx

历史性是事物在历史中现实地存在的特性。黑格尔力图从本体论角度探究历史性,但并未给予历史性以立足的现实根基。他以理性辩证法理解历史性,流于逻辑牺牲历史的结局。马克思批判以黑格尔为代表的历史哲学唯心主义本质的根源在于割裂自然与历史的统一关系。马克思不再沿袭对历史思辨探讨的路径,而是将历史纳入存在论之中,从现实出发理解历史。历史是人与自然在感性活动中都被改变的过程,历史主体是现实的个人。生产物质生活是第一个历史活动,感性需要是推动历史发展的力量。感性意识不是现成地被给予,而是由劳动生产出来。正是马克思确立了真实的历史性原则——历史唯物主义不仅是唯物主义的历史观,还开启了存在论新视域,成为真正深入到历史本质之中的思想学说。

Historicity is the feature of the reality of things in history.Hegel attempts to explore history from an ontological perspective,but he does not give historical foundation to the reality.He understands history by the rational dialectics,and sacrifices the ending of history by logic.Marx criticizes Hegel and believes that the fundamental problem of the idealist philosophy of history represented by Hegel lies in its breaking the unity relation between nature and history.Marx no longer follows the path of historical speculation,but incorporates history into ontology and understands history from the premise of reality.History is a process in which both human and nature are changed in perceptual activities,and the subject of history is a real individual.The production of material life is the first historical activity,and sensible need is the power driving historical development.Sensible consciousness is not given by anybody,but produced by labor.Marx establishes the true historical principle,historical materialism,which is not only the materialistic view of history,but also opens a new horizon of ontology,because it is a theory of thought deeply rooted in the nature of history.